Studies indicate that about 1.5% to 3.5% of the population may experience problems caused by panic disorder at some point in their lives. Women are twice as likely to develop it compared to men. Symptoms typically begin around the age of 25.
Stressful life events-such as job loss, divorce, or the death of loved ones-often trigger the onset of symptoms. Scientific evidence also suggests that individuals who experienced mental conflicts during childhood have a higher likelihood of developing panic disorder. Those with panic disorder are also more susceptible to other mental illnesses.
Symptoms
Symptoms include sudden, intense heart palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain or discomfort, stomach unease, feelings of dread, dizziness, disorientation, fear of imminent death, and numbness in the limbs or other body parts. The presence of at least four of these symptoms may indicate panic disorder. If four or more symptoms appear suddenly and simultaneously, the episode is called a panic attack, typically lasting between five to ten minutes.
Causes
Researchers suggest that panic disorder may result from chemical imbalances in the brain, particularly in the limbic system, which regulates emotions. This imbalance can cause excessive adrenaline levels in the blood and brain. Panic disorder may have a hereditary component, with a 4%–8% chance of passing in families.
Treatment Approaches
After relevant medical evaluations confirm no underlying physical causes, it is important to explain to the patient that the condition is not a heart-related disease. Family members should also understand that the patient is genuinely experiencing these difficulties.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is effective, involving consistent behavioral training to help patients cope with triggers and learn how to manage them. Medication may also complement CBT for better outcomes.
Rev. Dr. Sijon Kuzhikattumyalil
