Children are not immature adults. Biologically and psychologically, they are different from adults. Children have their own psychological world. Their emotional responses and behavioural characteristics are shaped through their interaction with different circumstances. Various types of psychological disorders manifest in children due to numerous genetic and biological factors.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is found in five percent of children below the age of fifteen. This condition is three times more common in boys than in girls. ADHD is a disorder associated with the cells of the brain. It usually begins to manifest before the age of seven.
Main Symptoms
The main symptom is lack of attention. While studying and while engaging in other activities, children may make mistakes, be forgetful, and frequently lose their belongings. They may experience difficulty in carrying out complex tasks. Excessive restlessness, an inability to remain seated in one place, excessive talking, and disturbing others are also among the symptoms. Impulsiveness, impatience, answering before a question has been completed, crossing the road in a manner that invites danger, excessive anger, and an inability to maintain accuracy are also commonly observed.
Causes
Genetic factors play an important role in this condition. If the parents have the disorder, the likelihood of the condition occurring in their children is higher. The likelihood is also greater when the parents have a history of substance abuse or criminal behaviour. A lack of coordination in the functioning of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, as well as differences in the functioning of the chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine in the frontal lobe, are associated with this condition. Learning disabilities and behavioural disorders are also more commonly found along with ADHD.
Remedial Measures
Diagnosis is made through detailed clinical examination, including discussions with the person experiencing the condition and the parents. It is also useful to collect information from teachers. Psychological tests such as the Conners Assessment Scale can be used to assess the severity of the condition. Psychological treatment and counselling may also be used in combination. Awareness of the things that need to be considered while raising children is highly beneficial. Likewise, as part of psychoeducation, importance should be given to maintaining a healthy family environment. Disciplinary measures are not a solution at all. Awareness classes for teachers are also highly beneficial. Along with behavioural therapies, medication may also be required in certain situations under the supervision of a psychiatrist.
Rev. Dr. Sijon Kuzhikkattumyalil
Consultant Psychologist
