The term paranoid refers to individuals who are excessively suspicious by nature. They harbour doubt toward everything and everyone. Even when someone says or does something good, they tend to assume that there must be some hidden plan or ulterior motive behind it. Likewise, they often view their family members and neighbours with constant suspicion and mistrust.
Symptoms
They suspect, without any valid reason, that others are exploiting, harming, or deceiving them. They remain absorbed in unjustified delusional beliefs regarding the loyalty and trustworthiness of friends and co-workers. They are unwilling to maintain close relationships or reveal personal information to others, fearing that such information may later be used against them. They interpret harmless remarks or ordinary events as having hidden insulting or threatening meanings. They generally react with anger and often retaliate quickly.
In the advanced stages of long-term alcohol addiction, due to nerve weakness and related issues, sexual functioning may decline. It is in such circumstances that the individual begins suspecting their spouse. This condition is called alcohol-induced delusional disorder. They repeatedly raise baseless doubts regarding the loyalty of their partner and react excessively to criticism.
Causes
The exact cause of paranoid personality disorder is unknown. However, research indicates that a combination of biological and environmental factors contributes to its development. The disorder is more commonly observed in families with a history of schizophrenia. Children born into families with hereditary personality disorders have a higher likelihood of developing this condition compared to the general population. Psychological trauma, emotional abuse, or distress experienced during childhood often plays a significant role in the emergence of this disorder.
Treatment Approaches
Family members need to be made aware that such patterns of thinking and behaviour are characteristic manifestations of a suspicious personality structure, shaped by certain past experiences. Since the individual does not acknowledge that anything is wrong with them, it becomes difficult for them to voluntarily seek treatment. There are many obstacles to successful treatment. Frequently, the affected person refuses to take medication due to suspicion.
In certain situations, when fear and distrust intensify and result in violent impulses or aggressive behaviour, hospitalization under the care of a mental health specialist becomes necessary. Alongside treatment for paranoia, associated symptoms such as depression and anxiety also need to be addressed. With the help of a psychologist, it is possible to improve the individual’s ability to cope with their problems and gradually correct distortions in their thought patterns.
Rev. Dr. Sijon Kuzhikkattumyalil
